Difference between revisions of "Wave Gauges"

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<b style="font-size: large;">Wave Gauges</b><span class="c33">    are made in several ways. Electric wave staffs measure wave height by changes in resistance. More common is using a pressure sensor with a  </span><span class="c15">[https://www.google.com/url?q=https://ocean-innovations.net/resources/marinetech/glossary-marine-technology-terms/%23current_meters&amp;sa=D&amp;source=editors&amp;ust=1700238298433580&amp;usg=AOvVaw2jqb0cO2aPqwBECpd4kuxT current meters]</span><span class="c16">    in a technique called PUV. Wave height is measured as changes in pressure. With an array of three or more sensors, wave direction can be determined.  </span><br/>
 
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<span class="c33">    Another method uses Doppler  </span><span class="c15">[https://www.google.com/url?q=https://ocean-innovations.net/resources/marinetech/glossary-marine-technology-terms/%23current_meters&amp;sa=D&amp;source=editors&amp;ust=1700238298434194&amp;usg=AOvVaw0Xx58Jwj4zKJ2BnNMUiUbQ current meters]</span><span class="c16">    to form a virtual wave array. This is done by bottom mounting an upward-looking, multiplebeamed Doppler so it can measure the range to the surface as well as the orbital wave velocities in a series of bins extending away from the instrument. These mani fold measurements allow one to differentiate among multiple sources of waves—something that a single point sensor cannot do.  </span><br/>
<b style="font-size: large;">Wave Gauges</b><span class="c17 c24">    are made in several ways. Electric wave staffs measure wave height by changes in resistance. More common is using a pressure sensor with a  </span><span class="c14">[https://www.google.com/url?q=https://ocean-innovations.net/resources/marinetech/glossary-marine-technology-terms/%23current_meters&amp;sa=D&amp;source=editors&amp;ust=1698879626538440&amp;usg=AOvVaw1bh56cB6N69VirbePvdYQs current meters]</span><span class="c17 c15 c24">    in a technique called PUV. Wave height is measured as changes in pressure. With an array of three or more sensors, wave direction can be determined.  </span><br/>
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<span class="c16">    Wave heights can also be measured from vessels or piers using microwave altimeters. An accelerometer is used to remove ship motion from the wave amplitude measurement.  </span><br/>
 
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<span class="c33">    Buoys can be used to measure waves if they have an elastic mooring line that allows them to travel with the waves. By using three orthogonal accelerometers, the buoy motion can be used to measure wave height and direction. Another technique uses the Doppler shift of  </span><span class="c15">[https://www.google.com/url?q=https://ocean-innovations.net/resources/marinetech/glossary-marine-technology-terms/%23gps&amp;sa=D&amp;source=editors&amp;ust=1700238298435010&amp;usg=AOvVaw05AX74AwP9SAi0Hd8ypZwd GPS]</span><span class="c16">    signals to determine buoy movement. By analyzing the signal from several GPS satellites, wave height and direction can be determined.  </span><br/>
<span class="c17 c24">    Another method uses Doppler  </span><span class="c14">[https://www.google.com/url?q=https://ocean-innovations.net/resources/marinetech/glossary-marine-technology-terms/%23current_meters&amp;sa=D&amp;source=editors&amp;ust=1698879626538720&amp;usg=AOvVaw0T8VwMb8A6eUXo4VzGawoS current meters]</span><span class="c17 c15 c24">    to form a virtual wave array. This is done by bottom mounting an upward-looking, multiplebeamed Doppler so it can measure the range to the surface as well as the orbital wave velocities in a series of bins extending away from the instrument. These mani fold measurements allow one to differentiate among multiple sources of waves—something that a single point sensor cannot do.  </span><br/>
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<span class="c33">    A good primer on wave theory and measurement may be found at  </span><span class="c15">[https://www.google.com/url?q=http://cdip.ucsd.edu/?nav%3Ddocuments%26sub%3Dindex%26xitem%3Dwaves%23gauging&amp;sa=D&amp;source=editors&amp;ust=1700238298435586&amp;usg=AOvVaw3eZJf3s3AgwnHqfPOthxXe http://cdip.ucsd.edu/?nav=documents&amp;sub=index&amp;xitem=waves#gauging]</span><br/>
 
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<span class="c33">    For info on wave measurement instruments used at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, see  </span><span class="c15">[https://www.google.com/url?q=http://cdip.ucsd.edu/?nav%3Ddocuments%26sub%3Dindex%26xitem%3Dgauge&amp;sa=D&amp;source=editors&amp;ust=1700238298436113&amp;usg=AOvVaw31PfMNTKWAU7mbQ1QeUJKx http://cdip.ucsd.edu/?nav=documents&amp;sub=index&amp;xitem=gauge]</span>
<span class="c17 c15 c24">    Wave heights can also be measured from vessels or piers using microwave altimeters. An accelerometer is used to remove ship motion from the wave amplitude measurement.  </span><br/>
 
 
 
<span class="c17 c24">    Buoys can be used to measure waves if they have an elastic mooring line that allows them to travel with the waves. By using three orthogonal accelerometers, the buoy motion can be used to measure wave height and direction. Another technique uses the Doppler shift of  </span><span class="c14">[https://www.google.com/url?q=https://ocean-innovations.net/resources/marinetech/glossary-marine-technology-terms/%23gps&amp;sa=D&amp;source=editors&amp;ust=1698879626539099&amp;usg=AOvVaw1JqwKG3lAYPJpetNXR_aZQ GPS]</span><span class="c17 c15 c24">    signals to determine buoy movement. By analyzing the signal from several GPS satellites, wave height and direction can be determined.  </span><br/>
 
 
 
<span class="c17 c24">    A good primer on wave theory and measurement may be found at  </span><span class="c14">[https://www.google.com/url?q=http://cdip.ucsd.edu/?nav%3Ddocuments%26sub%3Dindex%26xitem%3Dwaves%23gauging&amp;sa=D&amp;source=editors&amp;ust=1698879626539376&amp;usg=AOvVaw3_xVjIdY3sS1xsWqnTkhJf http://cdip.ucsd.edu/?nav=documents&amp;sub=index&amp;xitem=waves#gauging]</span><br/>
 
 
 
<span class="c17 c24">    For info on wave measurement instruments used at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, see  </span><span class="c14">[https://www.google.com/url?q=http://cdip.ucsd.edu/?nav%3Ddocuments%26sub%3Dindex%26xitem%3Dgauge&amp;sa=D&amp;source=editors&amp;ust=1698879626539640&amp;usg=AOvVaw08i8L8IuHj4_Q_MB8nkEOz http://cdip.ucsd.edu/?nav=documents&amp;sub=index&amp;xitem=gauge]</span>
 
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Revision as of 22:29, 29 November 2023

Wave Gauges are made in several ways. Electric wave staffs measure wave height by changes in resistance. More common is using a pressure sensor with a current meters in a technique called PUV. Wave height is measured as changes in pressure. With an array of three or more sensors, wave direction can be determined.
Another method uses Doppler current meters to form a virtual wave array. This is done by bottom mounting an upward-looking, multiplebeamed Doppler so it can measure the range to the surface as well as the orbital wave velocities in a series of bins extending away from the instrument. These mani fold measurements allow one to differentiate among multiple sources of waves—something that a single point sensor cannot do.
Wave heights can also be measured from vessels or piers using microwave altimeters. An accelerometer is used to remove ship motion from the wave amplitude measurement.
Buoys can be used to measure waves if they have an elastic mooring line that allows them to travel with the waves. By using three orthogonal accelerometers, the buoy motion can be used to measure wave height and direction. Another technique uses the Doppler shift of GPS signals to determine buoy movement. By analyzing the signal from several GPS satellites, wave height and direction can be determined.
A good primer on wave theory and measurement may be found at http://cdip.ucsd.edu/?nav=documents&sub=index&xitem=waves#gauging
For info on wave measurement instruments used at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, see http://cdip.ucsd.edu/?nav=documents&sub=index&xitem=gauge